USDA FOREST SERVICE /
WASHINGTON SHPO
CULTURAL RESOURCE
SURVEY REPORT
(FSM 2361.42d)
(Revised 6/13/90)
1. TITLE OF UNDERTAKING: Packwood Lake Resort
EA Survey Project
2. NATIONAL FOREST: Gifford Pinchot National
Forest
DISTRICT:
Packwood
COUNTY:
Lewis
USGS QUAD: Packwood Lake, WA; 7.5' series (1989)
LEGAL
DESCRIPTION: T. 13 N., R. 10 E., section 21. W.M. (unsurveyed).
GEOGRAPHIC
DESCRIPTION OF LOCATION: The proposed
project is located approximately 7 km (4.5 miles) east of the town of Packwood,
WA. The project is 1.6 km (1 mile) west of the Goat Rocks Wilderness Boundary,
on the north shore of Packwood Lake. The project area is accessible by Trail
#78, 4 miles from the trailhead on USFS Road #1262. The project location is
along the north shoreline of Packwood Lake, on the terrace above the lake, and
adjacent to Lake Creek, the outlet for Packwood Lake.
3. SURVEY CONDUCTED BY: Dale M. Fournier
TITLE:
Archaeologist
STATION:
Randle
ASSISTANTS
(NAME, TITLE, STATION): Janet A. Liddle, North Zone Archaeologist; Rich
Currit, Archaeologist; Steve Freymond, Michelle Hunsicker and Cathy Lilienthal,
Archaeological Technicians; Kate Glassock and Mike Ross, Archaeological Aides;
all of the Randle Ranger Station.
ACRES SURVEYED:
4
PROJECT ACRES:
4
DATES OF FIELD WORK: September 2, 1992 NUMBER OF PERSON DAYS: 8
4. DESCRIPTION
OF UNDERTAKING AND IMPACTS: The special
use permit for the concession at the Packwood Lake Resort has expired with no
immediate plans for renewal. All of the buildings that were part of the resort
were dismantled and removed. An environmental assessment of the Packwood Lake
area will be prepared, evaluating the present condition of the natural and
cultural resources of Packwood Lake. Future use of the lake will be governed by
the results of the analyses.
5. CULTURAL RESOURCES RECORDED:
X YES NO
CERTIFICATION:
I conducted the CR survey reported here, my observations and methods are
fully reported, and this CR Report is complete and accurate to the best of my
knowledge:
6. PHYSICAL SETTING:
Topography: The project area, situated on a terrace at
an elevation of 2880 to 2920 feet above mean sea level, is located adjacent to
Lake Creek, the outlet of Packwood Lake, and extends along the north shoreline
for 1000'. The aspect is south to southwest and the slope of the project area
is level to approximately 30 degrees.
Geology: The bedrock geology of the area consists of
pre-Tertiary greywackes and argillites of the Russell Ranch Formation overlain
by basaltic and andesitic lava flows and bedded andesites of the Ohanapecosh
Formation. Locally, there are minor outcrops of pillow basalts, tuffs and
cherts. Late Tertiary to early Quaternary andesites occur on many of the high
ridges of the area. The area has undergone uplift, fluvial dissection and
erosion, and alpine and valley glaciation. Eruptions from Mount St. Helens, Mt.
Rainier, Mt. Mazama and Glacier Peak deposited tephra on the area during the
Holocene Epoch. A landslide from Snyder Mountain, radiocarbon dated to 1000 -
1100 years B.P., impounded Packwood Lake.
Drainage
and Water Sources: The proposed project area is located adjacent to Packwood
Lake on a small terrace above Lake Creek. Lake Creek is the outlet of Packwood
Lake and is a tributary of the Cowlitz River.
Timber
Types/Ground Cover: The overstory
consists primarily of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii),
western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), western redcedar (Thuja
plicata) and vine maple (Acer circinatum). Red alder (Alnus
rubra), Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis), and noble fir
(Abies procera) are present in lesser amounts. The understory includes
bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), sword fern (Polystichum
munitum), sweet scented bedstraw (Galium triflorum), prickly currant
(Ribes lacustre), salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis)), Devil's club
(Oplopanax horridum), dwarf Oregon grape (Berberis nervosa),
twinflower (Linnaea borealis), wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca),
salal (Gaultheria shallon), vanilla leaf (Achlys triphylla),
baldhip rose (Rosa gymnocarpa), Pacific trillium (Trillium ovatum),
and Cascade azalea (Rhododendron albiflorum).
Human-made
Features and Alterations: Numerous historic alterations have occured within and
adjacent to the project area. In 1910 four log buildings were constructed on
the southwest side of Lake Creek near the bridge. One of the buildings,
Packwood Guard Station #1166, still stands on the site. It is in good condition
and has been determined to be eligible to the National Register of Historic
Places (McClure 1987). The other three buildings were constructed by the Valley
Development Company as part of their hydroelectric development project in the
lake vicinity. During the 1920s and 1930s several buildings were constructed on
the northeast side of Lake Creek as part of the Packwood Lake Resort after the
USFS began issuing Special Use Permits to private individuals to run a
concession at the lake. These various resort buildings underwent differing
degrees of alteration, improvement and dismantling up into the 1960s. An Eyeing
Station (for trout egg development) was set up across Lake Creek in the 1930s.
Many local alterations to the project area occured in 1963 and 1964, during
construction of the Washington Public Power Supply System (WPPSS) hydroelectric
dam, which is a short distance downstream from the outlet. A new bridge was
constructed over the outlet in 1989 and in 1992 a new well, the Packwood Lake
Well, was dug to replace the existing water supply. A modern USFS guard station
is located about 250 m southwest of the project area. Campground trails cross
the project area and parallel the lake shore.
7. PRE-FIELD
RESEARCH - SOURCES CHECKED:
X a. FOREST CULTURAL RESOURCE OVERVIEW
b. SHPO (ATTACH CORRESPONDENCE)
X c. OTHER FS
FILES, MAPS (SPECIFY):
1924 USGS Mt. Rainier topographic quadrangle, 30 minute series.
1931 Rainier National Forest
1933 Rainier National Forest, Grazing allotments map
1935 Columbia National Forest
1936 Columbia National Forest, Packwood Recreation Area
1939 Columbia National Forest
1941 Columbia National Forest
1945 Columbia National Forest
1947 Columbia National Forest
1949 Gifford Pinchot National Forest
1951 Packwood District Fireman's map
1952 Randle District Trails map
1958 Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Randle-Spirit Lake District
1968 Packwood Ranger District,
transportation map
d. INFORMANTS AND
RELATIONSHIP TO AREA:
e.
REPORTS, DOCUMENTS, PUBLICATIONS: (author, title, publisher or location of
documents)
Deibold, Gary
1992 Personal Communication.
USFS personnel, Packwood Ranger Station.
Hollenbeck, Barbara H.
1985
Boundaries of Prediction in the Gifford Pinchot National Forest. In Archaeological
Inventory and Predictive Modeling in the Pacific Northwest. Studies in
Cultural Resource Management No. 6, pp. 71-76. USDA Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Region, Portland.
McClure, Richard H.
1987
Significance Evaluation of Archaeological Site 45LE285, Packwood Lake, Lewis
County, Washington. USDA Forest Service, Region Six, Gifford Pinchot
National Forest, Packwood Ranger District.
Schuster, J. Eric
1973
A Learning Guide on the Geology of the Cispus Environmental Center Area,
Lewis County, Washington. Department of Natural Resources, Division of
Mines and Geology.
8. RESULTS OF
PRE-FIELD RESEARCH:
a. PREVIOUS SURVEYS OR
INVESTIGATIONS CONDUCTED WITHIN .5 MILES OF THE PROJECT AREA? NO X YES (Project name, investigator,
approval date, what results [brief], and [monitoring] recommendations)
Packwood Lake Bridge Replacement; R. McClure
(7/9/87). Packwood Lake Guard Station (13N10E-21/01) and the Packwood Lake
Outlet site (45-LE-285) were identified during this project. Monitoring was
required during the bridge abutment work.
Packwood
Lake Well; J. Liddle (9/25/91). Packwood Lake Guard Station (13N10E-21/01) and
the Packwood Lake Outlet site (45-LE-285) were recorded during this project.
The survey author recommended monitoring the project area during excavation of
the well.
Road
4610 System Rehabilitation; K. Glassock (9/11/92); Negative results, no
monitoring required.
b. CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORTED WITHIN 1 MILE OF PROJECT AREA?
NO X YES (site no., site
name; trail no., name, and date)
Please see note below on Site Numbers.
13N10E-21/01 Packwood
Lake Guard Station (Building #1166).
13N10E-21/02 Packwood
Lake Commissary.
13N10E-21/03 Packwood
Lake Stock Barn.
13N10E-21/04 Packwood
Lake Bunkhouse.
13N10E-21/05 Lake
Creek Dump.
13NlOE-21/06 Tent
Shelter - Cabin and Woodshed.
13N10E-21/07 Neeley
Cabin #5.
13N1OE-21/08 Higgins
Home Cabin.
13N10E-21/09 Outlet
Eyeing Station.
13N10E-21/10 Higgins
Cookshack.
13N10E-21/11 Higgins
Chicken House.
13N10E-21/12 Higgins
Dining Hall.
13N10E-21/13 Higgins
Cabin #2.
13N10E-21/14 Higgins
Cabin #4.
13N10E-21/15 Packwood
Lake Outlet (45-LE-285).
Sites
13N10E-21/05 thru 13NlOE-21/14 (excepting 13N10E-21/09) are structures that
were associated with the Packwood Lake Resort (concession). The resort is no
longer in operation and none of the structures are extant. Because these
structures were united by function and theme, for future reference all of the
structures that were part of the Packwood Lake Resort (13N10E-21/02 -
13N10E-21/14, excepting 21-/09) will be labelled as 13N10E-21/02. This site was
recorded as part of this survey.
Packwood
Lake Guard Station (13N10E-21/01), not associated with the resort, is the only
historic structure that is still standing in the project vicinity. Sites
13N10E-21/01 - 21/04 and 21/09 are associated with the historic component of
13N10E-21/15 (45-LE-285).
HISTORIC TRAILS
Trail #69 Three
Peaks Trail - first appears on 1924 map. Portions currently maintained near the
end of Road 1266 to Mosquito Lake.
Trail #78 Packwood
Lake Trail - built in 1909 by employees of the Valley Development Company,
rerouted in 1963-1964 and currently maintained.
Trail #81 Upper
Lake Trail - first noted on the 1931 map. Trail runs along the east side of
Packwood Lake and is currently maintained.
9. OBSERVATIONAL EXPECTATIONS AND SUSPECTED
CULTURAL RESOURCE SENSITIVITY:
Due
to the presence of the Packwood Lake Resort the expectations for observing
historic cultural resources were high.
10. SAMPLE
SURVEY DESIGN: The purpose of the
present project was to identify and record the remnants of the historic
buildings and trash dumps at Packwood Lake that were associated with the Valley
Development Company and the Packwood Lake Resort. All of the buildings have
been dismantled. Packed earth pads are still evident for most of the buildings.
The extant foundations and pads were located and correlated to maps of the
area. The dump site was located, but only one can was found in association with
the refuse feature. The lake shore and the terrace were surveyed for further
evidence of cultural materials.
a.
|
PROBABILITY
TYPE
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ACRES
SURVEYED
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PROJECT
ACRES
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HIGH 100%
coverage
MODERATE
40-60%
LOW 10-20%
TOTAL
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4
4
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4
4
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b. SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE VISIBILITY: Surface visibility was good adjacent to the
lake, on the Packwood Lake Trail, and in the cleared areas where the historic
structures were located. Subsurface visibility was good in creek beds, the lake
shore and along trails.
c. OTHER REMARKS: The entire project area was considered high probability and the
area was surveyed with 100% coverage. Maps for the probability zones and survey
transects, therefore, are not included with this survey report.
11. SUMMARY
OF CULTURAL RESOURCES IDENTIFIED IN THE PROJECT AREA:
a. CULTURAL RESOURCES RECORDED: (attach
inventory and site location map)
NAME FS
SITE NO. STATE SITE NO. TYPE (hist/prehist)
Packwood
Lake Resort 13N10E-21/02 Historic
Guard
Station 13N10E-21/01 Historic
Packwood
Lake Outlet 13N10E-21/15 45LE285 Prehistoric
& hist.
Former sites 13N10E-21/05 - 13N10E-21/14 excepting 21/09, have been
consolidated into one site. 13N10E-21/01 - 21/04 and 21/09 are part of the
historic component of 13N1OE-21/15. Please see note in Section 8.
b. CULTURAL RESOURCES NOTED BUT NOT FORMALLY
RECORDED:
None
c. PREVIOUSLY
UNKNOWN CULTURAL RESOURCES IDENTIFIED?
X NO YES
No
unknown resources identified, however, the Packwood Lake Resort had not been
previously recorded.
d. ARTIFACTS COLLECTED? X NO
YES (list site numbers and disposition)
12. SIGNIFICANCE
(to be completed by archaeologist):
a. DO
RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCES APPEAR TO BE SIGNIFICANT?
Packwood Lake Resort site (13N10E-21/02) does not
appear to be significant. The Guard Station (13N10E-21/01) and Packwood Lake
Outlet site (13N10E-21/15) have already been determined to be eligible to the
NRHP.
b. EXPLAIN THE RATIONALE FOR THESE
RECOMMENDATIONS (address NRHP criteria) Following the procedures established by
the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation and stated in 36 CFR 60.4, the
significance of a structure or site is evaluated against the eligibility
criteria, A through D, of the National Register of Historic Places. The
Packwood Lake Resort was evaluated against these criteria of the National
Register.
Under
Criterion A a property is eligible to the National Register of Historic Places
if it has a strong association to a specific event or series of events that
made a contribution to the development of a community, state or the Nation.
Under
Criterion B a property is eligible to the National Register of Historic Places
if "... it is associated with the lives of persons significant in our
past."
Under
Criterion C a building is eligible to the National Register of Historic Places
if it has distinctive characteristics of a type, period or method of
construction, or represents the work of a master.
Under
Criterion D buildings are eligible to the National Register of Historic Places
if "...they have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important
in prehistory or history."
The
Packwood Lake Resort
The
Packwood Lake Resort has lost its integrity as an historic site/district. Since
the 1930s, buildings have been moved or dismantled. Many of the original
buildings were covered with later structures. Much of the original building
timber was reused for construction of the new structures or, in some cases, was
used for firewood. In 1964 the trash dump was buried by Forest Service
personnel.
Today
there are no extant structures or intact dumps from the Packwood Lake Resort
site. The site consists of packed earth foundations, and small amounts of glass
and wood debris. Since much of the material was reused or removed during the
previous five decades, there is very little cultural material remaining from
the site. Because of the absence of standing structures and intact refuse
dumps, and the overall loss of integrity of the site, the Packwood Lake Resort
site can no longer yield information concerning the building and use of
historic resort complexes or their role in the development of the region. The
site is considered ineligible to the National Register of Historic Places.
The
Guard Station and the Packwood Lake Outlet site have already been determined
eligible to the NRHP.
13. EFFECTS:
a. WILL THE PROPOSED UNDERTAKING EFFECT
POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT CULTURAL
RESOURCES?
X NO EXPLAIN WHY NOT:
The
sites which are eligible to the NRHP will be protected from impact.
YES
EXPLAIN HOW EACH WILL BE EFFECTED:
b. IF POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT CULTURAL
RESOURCES WILL BE EFFECTED, WHAT
PROTECTIVE MEASURES WILL BE REQUIRED TO AVOID THESE EFFECTS?
c. IF EFFECTS TO POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT
CULTURAL RESOURCES ARE UNAVOIDABLE,
WILL THEY BE ADVERSE?
YES NO EXPLAIN:
14. OTHER
REMARKS:
15. INCLUDE
THE FOLLOWING SUPPLEMENTAL DATA:
X VICINITY MAP
X TOPO/PROJECT MAP
CR PROBABILITY ZONES
COVERAGE MAP
X SITES WITHIN AND ADJACENT TO
PROJECT AREA
X CR INVENTORY FORMS, MAPS,
PHOTOS
OTHER: (specify)
Figure
1. Packwood Lake Resort EA Survey
Report
Project vicinity map.
Arrow indicates location of the project area.
Base map: Mount St. Helens and Vicinity
visitor map (1989).
Figure
2. Packwood Lake Resort EA Survey
Report
Topographic
map of the project area, boundary indicated by thick
black line. Base map: USGS Packwood Lake quadrangle (1989).
Scale: 1:24,000.
Figure 3. Packwood Lake Resort
EA Survey Report
Cultural
resources and historic trails located within or adjacent to project area. Base map: Enlarged USGS Packwood Lake
topographic quadrangle (1989). Stippled
area indicates the location of the Packwood Lake Outlet prehistoric site
(#13N10E-21/15). The historic Guard
Station (#13N10E-21/01) is located within the boundaries of the prehistoric
site.
Packwood Ranger District
Gifford Pinchot National Forest SHPO
LOG NUMBER 0120g3-02
SHPO
REVIEW
For SHPO Use Only
A check of
our files on 1-27-93 shows the
following for the Packwood Lake Resort EA project area.
(title of
undertaking)
DATA:
No (or inadequate) records for the
area. See below.
Adequate surveys have failed to
locate sites in the area. See
enclosures.
Historical/Architectural sites exist
in the project area. See enclosures.
Competent surveys of historical and archaeological
resources do not exist for this area and
should be carried out prior to project approval.
X No additional reconnaissance needed at this time.
COMMENTS:
FORM
B SIGNIFICANCE
FOREST SERVICE EVALUATION OF CULTURAL
RESOURCES: Summary Sheet
Forest Gifford
Pinchot Project Name Packwood Lake Resort EA
District Packwood County Lewis
Legals T. 13 N., R. 10 E., W.M. Section 21
The
cultural resources whose inventory forms and evaluations are attached have been
evaluated against the criteria in 36 CFR 60.4, with the results below, left.
Please indicate whether you concur with these findings for each site by marking
the appropriate box below, right. Return this form with your comments to:
Rick
McClure, Forest Archaeologist
Gifford Pinchot National Forest Headquarters
6926 E. Fourth Plain Blvd, Box 8944
Vancouver, WA 98668-8944
RESOURCE EVALUATION
|
CRITERIA
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SHPO CONCURRENCE
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Site
Name
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none a b c d
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yes no
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Packwood
Lake Resort
(USFS #13N10E-21/02)
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X
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U
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Remarks:
See significance statement in section 12 of the survey report.
Attachments:
[X] Site inventory form
[ ] Site evaluation report
FORM C EFFECT
FOREST SERVICE DETERMINATION OF EFFECT
Forest Gifford
Pinchot Project Packwood Lake Resort EA
District Packwood County Lewis
Legals T. 13 N., R. 10 E., W.M. Section 21
The
proposed project described in the accompanying text and graphics has been
measured against the "criteria of effect" listed in 36 CFR 800.5 to
determine the effect, if any, upon properties determined eligible for or
included on the National Register of Historic Places.
XXX We have determined that the
project will have "No Effect" on listed or eligible cultural
resources. We will retain documentation of this determination and proceed with
project implementation as proposed, if you do not respond within 15 days of
receipt of this request.
We have determined that the project will have "No Adverse
Effect" on any listed or eligible cultural resources. We will document
this determination to the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation and proceed
with project implementation if you do not respond within 15 days of receipt of
this request.
We have determined that the
project will have an "Adverse Effect" on cultural resources listed on
or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. A description of each
effected resource and a plan to mitigate adverse effects are attached. Please
provide us with your comments within 15 days of receipt of this notification so
that we may proceed with Advisory Council consulatation.
Notifying unit: FOREST SERVICE
Gifford Pinchot NF Headquarters by Richard H. McClure, Jr.
6926
E Fourth Plain Blvd, Box 8944 title
Forest Archaeologist
Vancouver, WA 98668-8944 date January 15, 1993
-------------------------------------------------------------------
WASHINGTON
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTORY FORM
County Lewis
Date 9/21/92
Compiler Dale M. Fournier site# 13N10E-21/02
Janet
A. Liddle
Location
Information Restrictions: Yes__X__ No____ Unknown____
|
//////////////////////////////SITE
DESIGNATION\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Site Name Packwood
Lake Resort site
Field
or other designations Computer #
UTM:*
Zone 10 Easting 6 0 9 8 0 0
Northing 5 1 6 1 0 5 0
Legal Descrip:* T 13N R 10E Sec 21 1/4,1/4,1/4 NE,NW 1/4,1/4
SW 1/4 SW
Latitude ‘ “ Longitude ‘ “
Elevation (ft/m) 2880' - 2920' ft
878
– 890 m
USGS
MAP:* Quad Name Packwood Lake Series 7.5' Date 1989
Other
Maps: Type USGS/USFS modified topographic quadrangle
Scale 4"
– 1 mile Source USFS Engineers Date 1985
Drainage:
Major Cowlitz River Minor
Lake Creek River Mile N/A
Aspect south, west and southwest
Slope 0 to 30 degrees
Location Description (general to specific)* The Packwood Lake Resort
site is located approximately 7 km (4.5 miles) east of the town of Packwood,
WA. The site is 1.6 km (1 mile) west of the Goat Rocks Wilderness Boundary on
the northwest edge of Packwood Lake. The site location is along the north
shoreline of Packwood Lake, on the terrace above the lake, and adjacent to Lake
Creek, the outlet for Packwood Lake.
Approach (to relocate)* From the Packwood Ranger
Station proceed south on USFS Road #1260 for 1.6 km (1 mile). Turn east on USFS
Road #1262 and drive 3 km (1.8 miles) to the trailhead for Trail #78, the
Packwood Lake Trail. Follow the trail approximately 1.5 km (1 mile) to Packwood
Lake. Walk along the north shore of the lake and cross the bridge over Lake
Creek. The site is located along the north shoreline of Packwood Lake and on
the low terrace above the north bank of Lake Creek.
* Mandatory information for official site designation
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE
INVENTORY FORM
(PAGE 2)
Site
# 13N10E-21/02
|
//////////////////////////////SITE
DESIGNATION\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Narrative Description* The site consists of
several prepared earthen pads for historic buildings. There is a refuse area
associated with the use of the buildings. No structures are remaining. The
locations of the buildings and features are known from photographs, old maps,
and historic documentation.
Please see Continuation
Form, page 5, for complete description of the site.
Site Type* HS,
HF, GR, MR
Dimensions: Method of horizontal measurement tape measure, maps and historic records
Length 200 m Direction
E-W Width 100 m Direction N-S
Depth N/A m Method of vertical measurement Only surface component recorded
Western hemlock, western redcedar,
Douglas-fir, vine maple
Vegetation: On Site swordfern, Devil's club and dwarf Oregon
grape
Local Western Hemlock/Swordfern Assoc. Regional Western Hemlock Zone
Landforms: On Site lakeshore
and low terrace Local low ridges and terraces
Water Resources: Type Lake Distance 1 m Permanence permanent
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////////////////////// CULTURAL MATERIALS &
FEATURES \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
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Narrative Description*
Please see Continuation Form, page 6, for description of
structures and features.
Method of Collections(s) photos
/ maps / field notes
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///////////////////////////////// SITE AGE \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
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Component* Historic
Dates* 1921-1992 Dating Method* historic records
Phase* N/A Basis for Phase designation* N/A
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SITE INVENTORY FORM
(PAGE 3)
Site
# 13N10E-21/02
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/////////////////////////////// SITE RECORDS \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
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Observed by R.H.McClure
Address Gifford Pinchot National Forest
Randle
Ranger Station
Recorded by* R.H. McClure Affiliation* Gifford
Pinchot National Forest
Date Recorded* 8/1982
Recorded by* D.M.Fournier Affiliation* Gifford
Pinchot National Forest
Date Recorded* 9/1992
R. Currit, D. Fournier, S. Freymond, K. Glassock,
M. Hunsicker, C. Lilienthal,
M.Ross USFS; Randle Ranger Station
Revisited by J.
Liddle Affiliation Gifford Pinchot National Forest
Date Revisited 9/2/1992
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/////////////////////////////// SITE HISTORY \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
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Previous Work (references):
In the 1920s the US Forest Service began issuing
Special Use Permits to private individuals to manage the Packwood Lake Resort
as a private concession: Individual concessionaires made improvements and
alterations.
In the early 1980s documentation was begun on many of the structures.
This was the first cultural resource survey or inventory that was undertaken
for the site. At that time, each of the structures was recorded as a separate
site.
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////////////////////////////// SITE OWNERSHIP\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
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Owner/Address* Gifford
Pinchot National Forest
6926 East 4th Plain Blvd., Vancouver, Washington
98661-7299
Tenant
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////////////////////////////// FORM RECORDS \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
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Other forms (specify)
In
the summer of 1982 site forms were prepared for many of the structures at the
Packwood Lake Resort site. Each of the buildings was given a separate site
number. Due to the relatedness of the structures/features, one site number is
being used now to show the association among all of the structures.
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SITE INVENTORY FORM
(PAGE 4)
Site
* 13N10E-21/02
SCALE:
North
Arrow
(mag)
Site
Name Packwood Lake Resort site
Site # 13N10E-21/02
(Page
5)
SITE DESCRIPTION - Narrative Description
The
Packwood Lake Resort site is situated on the north shore of Packwood Lake. The
site formerly consisted of vacation cabins, barn, boat dock, lodge, bunkhouse,
cookhouse and refuse dump. Presently the site consists of packed earth
foundations. The refuse dump was buried in 1964 and only scattered remains of
material can be found. The main portion of the site was situated just above the
north shore of Packwood Lake overlooking the water. Some of the buildings were
set back farther off the lake, although they were still clustered around the
north shore of the lake.
Site History
In
the 1920s the US Forest Service began issuing Special Use Permits to private
individuals to run a concession for cabins and boat rentals along the beach
shore.
Years Concessionaire
1921-1934 M.O.Higgins
1935 Ralph
and Agnes Neeley and Charles Sawyer
(bought from
Higgins 1/1935)
1935-1945 Ralph
and Agnes Neeley (bought out Sawyer)
1945 Lennie
Brooks
T.S.Dodd
and H.L.Tharp
1946-1965 Martin
Nowotney (he and son drowned in lake 11/63)
1965-1967 Ralph
and Agnes Neeley
1967-1974 Virginia
Hunter (Lodge burned 10/23/72)
1974-1978 Ralph
and Agnes Neeley
1978-1986 Mattie
Benn and Midge Sartain
1986-1991 Midge Sartain (bought out Mattie
Benn)
The
Packwood Lake Resort site consists of packed earth pad foundations that were
built by resort concessionaires at Packwood Lake through the Forest Service.
There is also a refuse dump that has been buried, leaving no intact deposits
for further study. None of the buildings are present today. All descriptions
were taken from photographs, interviews (McClure 1982) and historic documents.
Feature
#1: Packwood Lake Lodge
Ralph Neeley constructed this lodge over the same site as the Dining Hall
(Feature #11) in 1935. It burned down on 10/23/72. There are no remains besides
the packed earth foundation. See Figure 3 for photograph.
Feature
#2: Higgins Cabin #2
This 8' x 10' cabin was constructed of and covered with handsplit cedar. The
exterior siding was board and batten. Each side of the medium gabled roof was
covered with one row of 4-5' long, handsplit cedar shakes. Entry was via a
vertical board door on the south side of the structure. On each side of the
door there was one single-pane window.
This cabin was built in 1921 by Mr. Higgins and was used as a rental
cabin for resort guests. The cabin was dismantled in 1935 by Mr. Neeley. This
cabin was located northwest of the dining hall. There are no remains of the
structure on the site today. See Figure 4 for photograph.
Site
Name Packwood Lake Resort site
Site # 13N10E-21/02 (Page 7)
Feature
#3: Boathouse
This was originally the Higgins Cookshack (Feature 9) built in the 1920s. It
was dismantled and moved to the lakeshore in 1938. There are no remains besides
the packed earth foundation. See Figure 5 for photograph.
Feature
#5: Neeley Cabin #5
The original building was a covered tent platform. The building was 9' x 9'
square structure with a cedar shake covered roof frame. A canvas tent was
erected on the platform. As the canvas deteriorated it was replaced with hand
split cedar planks until, like the Tent shelter/cabin, (Feature 6) it was an
enclosed cabin. The original structure was built by Mr. Higgins in 1921. In
1935 or 1936 the Neeleys enclosed the framework forming a cabin. This was
rented to resort visitors at the lake until 1965 when it was torn down by a
later concessionaire. The present site consists only of a prepared earth pad
that is visible from the Packwood Lake Trail. See Figure 7 and 8 for
photograph.
Feature
#6: Tent shelter/cabin
This building was a 6' x 8' rectangular cabin. The structure was originally a
covered tent platform. Over the years the tent canvas had deteriorated. Slowly
the canvas was replaced by handsplit cedar board and batten until it was
actually a small cabin. Entrance to the building was via a plain vertical board
door in the center of the south facade. The building was covered with a medium
gable, cedar shake roof with projecting verges. The fenestration is unknown.
The floor was covered with handsplit cedar planks. West of the cabin was an 8'
x 16' open front woodshed with a cedar shake shed roof. The tent platform was
constructed in 1921 by Mr. Higgins as part of the Packwood Lake Resort. In 1935
or 1936 Mr. Neeley moved the structure to the edge of the lake and used it for
a storage shed. There are no remains except the packed earth foundation. See
Figure 9 for photograph.
Feature
#7: Higgins Home Cabin
This 8' x 10' cabin was constructed of handsplit vertical cedar planks. The
medium gabled roof was covered with cedar shakes and had projecting verges and
exposed purlins. There were two fixed windows, one on the southeast corner and
one on the southwest corner of the building. There was possibly a third window
on the building but that has not been verified. Entrance was through a vertical
plank door on the south side of the building. There was a woodshed adjacent to
the cabin on the southwest side. This 8' x 10' cabin was built by Mr. Higgins
in 1921 and was used as a residence by he and his wife until 1934. Later
concession holders used this cabin as a rental until 1965 when it was
dismantled and a larger cabin, Cabin #6, (Feature 23) was built on the site.
There are no remains besides the packed earth foundation. See Figure 10 for
photograph.
Feature
#8: Cabin built in the 1960s, removed 9/2/92
There are no remains besides the packed earth foundation.
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
(Page
8)
No
descriptive information is available for this structure. The Cookshack, built
by Mr. Higgins, was located on the terrace above Packwood Lake north of the
Higgins home cabin. The structure was built in the 1920s, dismantled and moved
close to the lakeshore and used as a boathouse in 1938. There are no remains
besides the packed earth foundation.
Feature
#10: Higgins Chicken House
No descriptive information is available for this structure. The Chicken House,
built by Mr. Higgins, was located on the terrace above Packwood Lake northeast
of the Higgins home cabin.
Feature
#11: Higgins Dining Hall
This 10' x 30' building was constructed of handsplit cedar board and batten.
The medium gabled roof was covered with cedar shakes. The entry to the building
was via a two panel door in the center of the south facade. A row of four
single-pane windows was on each side of the door. Entryways or fenestration for
the other elevations are unknown. The interior of the building had a dirt
floor. There was a long rectangular dining table surrounded by rounds of wood
for seating. The dining hall was built by Mr. Higgins in 1921 as part of the
newly established Packwood Lake Resort. Ralph Neeley dismantled this building
in 1935 or 1936 and constructed the Packwood Lake Lodge on the site. There are
no archaeological remains to the Dining Hall because the later building was
constructed over the same site. See Figure 11 for photogragh.
Feature
12: Cabin 12 "Stagger Inn"
Nowatneys built this cabin between 1945-1963. There are no remains besides the
packed earth foundation which measures 3.7 x 3.3 m. See Figure 12 and 13 for
photograph.
Feature
#13: Lake Creek Dump.
Refuse dump utilized from the 1920s to the 1940s by Forest Service personnel
staying at the Guard Station. The dump site may have also been used earlier by
the crews from the Valley Development Company. The site was a large deep pit
cut into a bank. The dump site was covered by Forest Service personnel in 1964.
In September 1992 only one rusted can was evident as remains of the dump site.
Feature
#14: Outhouse remains, depression covered with planks.
Feature
#15: Outhouse remains, log foundation, planks covering deep hole.
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
(Page
9)
Feature
#16: Watertank
This tank was built in 1937. There are no remains besides the packed earth
foundation which measures 2.5 x 2.7 m. See Figure 14 for photograph.
Feature
#17: Packwood Lake Stock Barn.
This building was an open, rectangular structure of post and beam construction,
which measured approximately 12' x 40' in plan. The gabled roof was covered
with cedar shakes. There are remnants of a barn on the north side of Lake
Creek, just above the outlet, which seem to match the photos. One of the early
maps shows a barn in that location. However, Gary Deibold (personal
communication 1992) remembers being told of a barn location near the modern
guard station. These photographs are beleived to be from that locale. They are
included because the remains of the barn pad appear to resemble the same type
of barn structure and can be used as a indication of how the barn may have
looked. Remains include dimensional lumber, down logs, cedar shakes, nails and
several standing poles. See Figure 15 for photographs.
Feature
#18: Store built in 1960s and dismantled 9/2/92. Nowatneys built a cabin on the
site previous to the store. The earthen pad measures 16.4 x 17 feet. There are
no remains besides the packed earth foundation.
Feature
#19: Small pad for cabin or tent. Measurements are 17 x 11.4 feet. There are no
remains besides the packed earth foundation.
Feature
#20: Old cabin foundation.
There are no remains besides the packed earth foundation.
Feature
#21: Dock, removed 9/2/92.
See Figure 5 for photograph.
Feature #22: Storage shed (Feature 6) and boathouse
(Feature 9) were moved there in 1935 There are no remains besides the packed earth
foundation. See Figure 13 for photograph.
Feature
#23: Cabin built in the 1960s, removed 9/2/92
There are no remains besides the packed earth foundation.
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure
1. Packwood Lake Resort site
Topographic map of
the site area, boundary indicated by thick
black blob. Base map: USGS Packwood Lake quadrangle (1989).
Scale: 1 mile = 4 inches.
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure 2. Packwood Lake Resort
site
Topographic
map depicting the archaeological features.
Base map prepared by Zone 1 engineering. Scale is marked. See text for
description of each feature as numbered.
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure
3. Packwood Lake Resort site
(Feature 1)
Packwood
Lake Lodge.
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure
4. Packwood Lake Resort site
(Feature 2)
Higgins
Cabin #2. View to the north showing the cabin and the adjacent Dining Hall (to
right). Photograph from 1935 courtesy Ralph Neeley.
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure
5. Packwood Lake Resort site
(Feature 3 and 21)
Boat House
and Boat Dock (1963 photo.)
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure
6. Packwood Lake Resort site
(Feature 4)
Higgins
Cabin #4. 1935 photo by Ralph Neeley.
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure
7. Packwood Lake Resort site
(Feature 5)
Neeley
Cabin #5
Figure
8. Packwood Lake Resort site
(Feature 5)
Present
condition of Neeley Cabin #5. This is a
typical photograph of the prepared earthen pad which is all that remains of
most of these structures.
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure
9. Packwood Lake Resort site
(Feature 6)
Tent
shelter/cabin and woodshed. Top photo depicts Ralph Neeley (at left) shoveling
snow from the wood shed roof. View to
the east, tent shelter/cabin beyond.
Jan. 1935 photo. Photo below
depicts Ralph Neeley (right) and Mr. Sawyer (left) standing in front of
woodshed, tent shelter/cabin to the right.
View to north.
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure
10. Packwood Lake Resort site (Feature
7)
Higgins
Home Cabin
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure
11. Packwood Lake Resort site (Feature
11)
Dining
Hall. Front of Dining Hall from the south, at the edge of Packwood Lake.
Photographer unknown, 1935 photo.
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure
12. Packwood Lake Resort site (Feature
12)
Cabin 12
"Stagger Inn".
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure
13. Packwood Lake Resort site (Feature
12)
Store and
Cabin 12. 1963 photo depicting the
Store and Cabin 12 to the right up in the woods. The structure at the end of
the log was for fish cleaning on rainy days.
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure
14. Packwood Lake Resort site (Feature
16)
Watertank. 1963 photo.
Site Name Packwood Lake Resort site Site # 13N10E-21/02
Figure
15. Packwood Lake Resort site (Feature
17)
Example of
how the Packwood Lake Stock Barn may have looked. Early photo above and 1966
photo below.
FORM
B SIGNIFICANCE
FOREST SERVICE
EVALUATION OF CULTURAL RESOURCES: Summary Sheet
Forest Gifford Pinchot Project Name Packwood
Lake Resort EA
District Packwood County Lewis
Legals T. 13 N., R. 10 E., W.M. Section 21
The cultural resources whose
inventory forms and evaluations are attached have been evaluated against the
criteria in 36 CFR 60.4, with the results below, left. Please indicate whether
you concur with these findings for each site by marking the appropriate box
below, right. Return this form with your comments to:
Rick McClure, Forest Archaeologist
Gifford Pinchot National Forest Headquarters
6926 E. Fourth Plain Blvd, Box 8944
Vancouver, WA 98668-8944
RESOURCE EVALUATION
|
CRITERIA
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SHPO CONCURRENCE
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Site Name
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None a b c d
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yes no
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Packwood Lake Resort
(USFS #13N10E-21/02)
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X
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U
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Remarks: See significance statement in section 12 of the
survey report.
Attachments:
[X]
Site inventory form
[ ] Site evaluation report
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTORY FORM
County LEWIS
Date 8/17/87
Compiler JENSEN/LIDDLE Site# 45-LE-296
(for
WARC use only)
Location
Information Restrictions: Yes__X__ No____ Unknown____
|
//////////////////////////////SITE
DESIGNATION\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Site Name CUYU’IK
Field
or other designations USFS
#13N10E-28/03 Computer #
UTM:*
Zone 10 Easting 6 1 0 7 0 0
Northing 5 1 6 0 6 5 0
Legal Descrip:* T 13N
R 10E Sec 28 1/4,1/4,1/4 NE 1/4,1/4 NW 1/4 NE
Latitude 46 30‘
30“ Longitude 121 33‘ 25“
Elevation (ft/m) 2857
USGS
MAP:* Quad Name Packwood, Wash. Series 15’ Date 1962
Other
Maps: Type USGS/USFS Packwood S.E. 7.5’ topographic quadrangle
Scale 1:24,000 Source USFS Engineering Date 1980
Drainage:
Major Cowlitz (32) Minor Lake Creek
River Mile N/A
Aspect West Slope 0 to 10%
Location Description (general to specific)*
The site is located 5.5 airmiles East Southeast from
the town of Packwood, WA. on an eroded lakeshore bank on the North side of
Packwood Lake. A portion of the lake lies within the Goat Rocks Wilderness
boundary; however the site is outside the wilderness.
Approach (to
relocate)*
From Packwood, proceed up Forest road #1260 to end
of road where the trailhead for Packwood Lake (Trail #78) is located. Park
vehicle and proceed hiking 4.5 miles to Packwood lake. Apon arriving at the
lake, continue on trail #78 to the junction of trail #81 (1/4 mile). Proceed
1/4 mile up trail #81, which parallels above the lakeshore until an undeveloped
camping area located on a flat shorline bench is in view. 10 meters below trail
#81 will be a small A-frame outhouse. From the center of this outhouse, a live,
standing 43” D.B.H Douglas-fir is located 27.5 meters at a bearing of N39E, in
which a reference nail 4.5 feet up the South side of the tree is located. From
this nail, the center of the lithic scatter is 1 meter due South.
* Mandatory information for official site
designation
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SITE INVENTORY FORM
(PAGE 2)
County LEWIS
Site# 45-LE-296
(for
WARC use only)
|
//////////////////////////////SITE
DESCRIPTION\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Narrative Description*
The
site is composed of 87 surface flaked lithics located on an eroded lakeshore
bank of a large, level shoreline terrace. Due to lake level fluctuations as a
result of dam construction on the outlet stream, the lakeshore terrace has
suffered from bank failure and shoreline erosion. This erosion has intruded and
disturbed the site revealing the lithic scatter. The original terrace
shoreline, visible but submerged by approximately 3 meter of water (at date of
recording), potentially holds additional cultural material since lithic flakes
were recorded under water at the present lake level. The lithic scatter appears
to be localized within a 6 meter width of the bank; no additional surface
artifacts were obserbed along the remainder of the terrace and adjoining eroded
banks.
Site Type* Prehistoric Lithic Scatter
(PS, OS LF)
Dimensions: Method
of horizontal measurement Metric tape measure
Length 8 m Direction N-S Width 6 m Direction E-W
Depth ? m Method
of vertical measurement none
Vegetation: On Site: Douglas-fir,
Western Red Cedar, Red Alder, Willow,
Local Tsuga heterophylla/GASH? Regional Tsuga Heterophylla Zone
Landforms: On Site: eroded
lakeshore terrace Local upland lakeshore
Water Resources: Type: Lake Distance On Site Permanence: Permanent
|
////////////////////////CULTURAL
MATERIALS & FEATURES\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Narrative Description*
The
lithic material collected at site consists of 82 pieces of debitage and five
formed tool fragments. Raw materials include jasper (n=53), chalcedony (n=26),
and chert (n=8). Debitage includes 35 interior flakes (4 are bifacial thinning
flakes), 5 primary decortication flakes, 35 flake fragments, 6 pieces of
shatter, and a single potlid flake. The formed tools include three projectile
point fragments, a biface perform fragment, and a uniface (“scraper”).
surface collection
Method of Collection(s) systematic / /
|
//////////////////////////////////SITE
AGE\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Component* undetermined Dates*
prehistoric Dating Method* inference
Phase* undetermined Basis
for Phase designation* no basis
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SITE INVENTORY FORM
(PAGE 3)
Site
# 45-LE-296
(For
WARC use only)
|
/////////////////////////////// SITE RECORDS \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Observed by Chris Jensen CRT Address Gifford
Pinchot Nat’l Forest
Packwood
Ranger District
Recorded by* Chris Jensen, Janet Liddle Affiliation* USDA Forest Service
Date Recorded* 8/17/87
Revisited by Affiliation
Date
Revisited
|
/////////////////////////////// SITE HISTORY \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Previous Work (references):
none
|
////////////////////////////// SITE OWNERSHIP\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Owner/Address* Gifford
Pinchot National Forest
6926 East 4th Plain Blvd., Vancouver,
Washington 98661-7299
Tenant seasonal
campers
|
////////////////////////////// FORM RECORDS \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Other
forms (specify)
none
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SITE INVENTORY FORM
(PAGE 4)
Site
# 45-LE-296
(For
WARC use only)
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CONTINUATION FORM
Site Name CUYU’IK SITE Site # 45-LE-296
(for WARC use
only)
Label all additions by corresponding headings (e.g., Site
Description, On-site Vegetation-text)
Views to NNW of
general site area – December 1987.
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTORY FORM
County LEWIS
Date 9/21/92
Compiler S. Freymond Site#
Location
Information Restrictions: Yes__X__ No____ Unknown____
|
//////////////////////////////SITE
DESIGNATION\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Site Name Big Sleep Peeled Cedar
Field
or other designations 13N10E-21/03 Computer #
UTM:*
Zone 10 Easting 6 1 0 0 5 0
Northing 5 1 6 1 1 4 0
Legal Descrip:* T 13N
R 10E Sec 21 1/4,1/4,1/4 SW 1/4,1/4 NE 1/4
SW
Latitude ‘ “ Longitude ‘ “ Elevation (ft/m) 3120’/951m
USGS
MAP:* Quad Name Packwood Lake Series 7.5’ Date 1989
Other Maps: Type
Scale Source Date
Drainage:
Major Cowlitz River Minor
Lake Creek River Mile
Aspect South Slope 10%
Location Description (general to
specific)* This site is 5 miles east of
Packwood, WA., 6 miles northwest of Old Snowy Mountain, and 4.5 miles north of
Angry Mountain. This site is located on the north bank of Packwood Lake on the
lake trail less than 1/4 mile northeast of the footbridge at Lake Creek.
Approach (to relocate)* From
the Packwood Ranger Station in Packwood, WA. at the junction of U.S. Highway 12
and county road #212 (Snyder Road), drive east on Snyder Road which becomes
USFS Road #1260. Packwood Lake
Trailhead is approximately 6 miles from Highway 12. Walk in on Packwood Lake Trail (#78) southeast for 4.5 miles to
lake. Take the trail northeast across the footbridge over Lake Creek. Walk
approximately .2 mile on the trail along the lake shore. See sketch map for
location. Tree is on a relatively flat ground surface approximately 15m from
the water’s edge and stands next to an intermittent rivulet.
* Mandatory information for official site
designation
WASHINGTON
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTORY FORM
(PAGE 2)
Site# 13N10E-21/03
|
//////////////////////////////SITE
DESCRIPTION\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Narrative Description*
This site consists
of a single culturally modified tree. The tree is a living western redcedar (Thuja
plicata) with cut/chop marks in its surface. The tree is on relatively flat
ground surface approximately 15m north of Packwood Lake. It stands close to a
seasonal rivulet that was dry at the time the site was recorded. Much of the
area around the tree is currently used for camping. The Packwood Lake Trail #78
built in 1909 travels along the lake shore south of the site, then up the steep
slope east of the lake. The Upper Lake Trail #81 shown on maps from 1931
branches from Trail #78 southeast of the site and travels south along the lake
shore.
Site Type* PRH, OS HS
Dimensions: Method
of horizontal measurement 50 meter tape
Length 1 m Direction N-S Width 1 m Direction E-W
Depth NA m Method
of vertical measurement
Vegetation: On Site: Douglas-fir,
western redcedar, western hemlock, huckleberry,
vine maple, Oregon grape
Local Tsuga heterophylla/Berberis nervosa Regional Tsuga heterophylla Veg. Zone
Landforms: On Site: remnant
alluvial terrace Local lake shore
Water Resources: Type: Lake Distance 15m Permanence: Permanent
|
////////////////////////CULTURAL
MATERIALS & FEATURES\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Narrative Description* This
tree exhibits a Type II scar (Mack and Hollenbeck 1985). The total peel length
is 1.03m and its width is 40cm. There are cut marks 45cm above the ground and
at the top of the peel 1.48m above ground. Circumference of the tree is 2.13m.
The aspect of the peel is 194 degrees.
A modified
chalcedony flake was found on the soil surface near the dry rivulet
approximately 4m southwest of the peeled cedar. Using the peeled cedar as
datum, auger holes of 10cm diameter were placed in the immediate area (see
sketch map). Sediments were screened through 1/8 inch mesh.
Four auger
holes were dug southwest of the peeled cedar ranging from 32-40cm deep. Six
auger holes were placed northwest of the tree and ranged in depth from 10cm to
55cm. One other auger hole was dug southeast of the peeled cedar to a depth of
25cm. Augering below these depths was prohibited due to rock obstruction. The
chalcedony flake was collected and is being curated at the Forest Service
archaeological lab located at Cispus Learning Center, Randle, Wa.
Method of Collection(s) measurements / photo / flake collected
|
//////////////////////////////////SITE
AGE\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Component* single Dates*
unknown Dating Method* stand age
Phase* Historic Basis
for Phase designation* stand age
and condition
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SITE INVENTORY FORM
(PAGE 3)
Site# 13N10E-21/03
|
/////////////////////////////// SITE RECORDS \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Observed by S. Freitas/J. Liddle Address Packwood Ranger Station,
Packwood, WA.
Randle
Ranger Station, Randle, Wa.
Recorded by* J. Liddle/S. Freymond Affiliation* USDA Forest Service
Date Recorded* 9/2/92 Gifford Pinchot National Forest
Revisited by Affiliation
Date
Revisited
|
/////////////////////////////// SITE HISTORY \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Previous Work (references)
|
////////////////////////////// SITE OWNERSHIP\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Owner/Address* Gifford
Pinchot National Forest
6926 East 4th Plain Blvd., Vancouver,
Washington 98661-7299
Tenant
|
////////////////////////////// FORM RECORDS \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
|
Other
forms (specify)
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SITE INVENTORY FORM
(PAGE 4)
Site# 13N10E-21/03
WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL
CONTINUATION FORM
Site Name Big Sleep Peeled Cedar Site# 13N10E-21/03
Label all additions by
corresponding headings (e.g., Site Description, On-site Vegetation--text)
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION - ADDITIONAL MAP
Map
enlarged from USGS/USFS Packwood Lake topographic quadrangle. 7.5' series.
Scale 1:24,000. Map dated 1989. Arrow indicates site location.
